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New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director. Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946. == History == In a 1946 letter, Kirstein stated, "The only justification I have is to enable Balanchine to do exactly what he wants to do in the way he wants to do it."〔(Alastair Macaulay, "A Paragon of the Arts, as Both Man and Titan" ) (review of Martin Duberman, ''The Worlds of Lincoln Kirstein''), Books of the Times, ''New York Times'', 4 May 2007, accessed 5 January 2015〕 He served as the company's General Director from 1946 to 1989, developing and sustaining it by his organizational and fundraising abilities.〔 The company was named New York City Ballet in 1948 when it became resident at City Center of Music and Drama. Its success was marked by its move to the New York State Theater, now David H. Koch Theater, designed by Philip Johnson to Balanchine's specifications. City Ballet went on to become the first ballet company in the United States to have two permanent venue engagements: one at Lincoln Center's David H. Koch Theater on 63rd Street in Manhattan, and another at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center, in Saratoga Springs, New York. The School of American Ballet (S.A.B.), which Balanchine founded, is the training school of City Ballet. After the company's move to the State Theater, Balanchine's creativity as a choreographer flourished. He created works that were the basis of the company's repertory until his death in 1983. His vision influenced dance both across the United States and in Europe. He worked closely with choreographer Jerome Robbins, who resumed his connection with the company in 1969 after having produced works for Broadway. NYCB still has the largest repertoire by far of any American ballet company, and it often stages 60 ballets or more in its winter and spring seasons at Lincoln Center each year, and 20 or more in its summer season in Saratoga Springs. City Ballet has performed ''The Nutcracker'', ''Romeo and Juliet'', ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' and many more. City Ballet has trained and developed many great dancers since its formation. Also, many dancers with already developed reputations have joined City Ballet as principal dancers. * Allegra Kent * Arthur Mitchell * Edward Villella * Gelsey Kirkland * Jacques d'Amboise * Jillana * Kyra Nichols * Maria Tallchief * Melissa Hayden * Merrill Ashley * Mikhail Baryshnikov * Patricia McBride * Suzanne Farrell * Tanaquil LeClercq * Peter Martins, :''balletmaster in chief'' === Salute to Italy === In 1960 Balanchine mounted City Ballet's ''Salute to Italy'' with premieres of ''Monumentum pro Gesualdo'' and ''Variations from Don Sebastian'' (called the ''Donizetti Variations'' since 1961), as well as performances of his ''La Sonnambula'' and Lew Christensen's ''Con Amore''. The performance was repeated in 1968. === Stravinsky Festival === In 1972 Balanchine offered an eight-day tribute to the composer, his great collaborator, who had died the year before. His programs included twenty-two new works of his own dances, plus works by choreographers Todd Bolender, John Clifford, Lorca Massine, Jerome Robbins, Richard Tanner and John Taras, as well as repertory ballets by Balanchine and Robbins. Balanchine created ''Symphony in Three Movements'', ''Duo Concertant'' and ''Violin Concerto'' for the occasion. He and Robbins co-choreographed and performed in ''Pulcinella''. Balanchine had produced an earlier Stravinsky festival in 1937 as balletmaster of the American Ballet while engaged by the Metropolitan Opera. The composer conducted the April 27th premiere of ''Card Party''. === Ravel Festival === In 1975 Balanchine paid his respects to the French composer Maurice Ravel with a two-week ''Hommage à Ravel''. Balanchine, Robbins, Jacques d'Amboise, and Taras made sixteen new ballets for the occasion. Repertory ballets were performed as well. High points included Balanchine's ''Le Tombeau de Couperin'' and Robbins' ''Mother Goose''. === Tschaikovsky Festival === In 1981 Balanchine planned a two-week NYCB festival honoring the Russian composer Peter Ilyitch Tschaikovsky. Balanchine, Joseph Duell, d'Amboise, Peter Martins, Robbins and Taras created twelve new dances. In addition to presenting these and repertory ballets, Balanchine re-choreographed his ''Mozartziana'' from 1933. Philip Johnson and John Burgee's stage setting of translucent tubing was designed to be hung and lit in different architectural configurations throughout the entire festival.〔A festival of the same name is planned for 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New York City Ballet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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